Prášek ze slitiny niklu 718
Prášek ze slitiny niklu 718, známý také jako prášek Inconel 718, je prášek ze slitiny niklu a chromu s vysokou pevností a odolností proti korozi.
| Kovový prášek | Velikost | Množství | Cena/kg | Velikost | Množství | Cena/kg |
| Inconel 718 | 0-20 μm | 1 kg | 60.9 | 53-105μm | 1 kg | 59 |
| 10 kg | 39.8 | 10 kg | 38 | |||
| 100 kg | 34.5 | 100 kg | 33 |
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Obsah
Přehled
Nickel Alloy 718 powder, also known as Inconel 718 powder, is a high-strength, corrosion-resistant nickel-chromium alloy powder. It is widely used in aerospace, oil and gas, automotive, and other high-temperature applications due to its excellent mechanical properties and resistance to oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures.
Some key features of Nickel Alloy 718 powder include:
- High strength and hardness up to ~650°C
- Vynikající odolnost proti korozi
- Excellent creep and fatigue strength
- Dobrá svařitelnost a obrobitelnost
- High impact strength and toughness
- Can be thermally processed for optimal properties
Nickel Alloy 718 powder is most commonly used in additive manufacturing techniques like selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), and binder jetting to fabricate complex geometries. Other applications include metal injection molding (MIM) and thermal or cold spraying.
Složení
The typical chemical composition of Nickel Alloy 718 powder is:
| Živel | Hmotnost % |
|---|---|
| nikl (Ni) | 50 – 55 |
| Chrom (Cr) | 17 – 21 |
| železo (Fe) | Zůstatek |
| niob (Nb) | 4.75 – 5.5 |
| molybden (Mo) | 2.8 – 3.3 |
| titan (Ti) | 0.65 – 1.15 |
| hliník (Al) | 0.2 – 0.8 |
| Kobalt (Co) | ≤ 1 |
| měď (Cu) | ≤ 0.3 |
| mangan (Mn) | ≤ 0.35 |
| křemík (Si) | ≤ 0.35 |
| fosfor (P) | ≤ 0.015 |
| síra (S) | ≤ 0.015 |
| Bór (B) | ≤ 0.006 |
| uhlík (C) | ≤ 0.08 |
The key alloying elements like Ni, Cr, Nb, and Mo contribute to high strength through precipitation hardening and solid solution strengthening mechanisms. Iron is the main base metal along with Nickel. Smaller additions of Al and Ti help with grain structure control. The trace elements are restricted to prevent detrimental effects.
Vlastnosti
Nickel Alloy 718 powder offers a unique combination of outstanding properties, making it suitable for high-performance parts across industries:
| Vlastnictví | Popis |
|---|---|
| Síla | Tensile strength of 1,300 MPa in annealed condition. Can reach over 1,500 MPa after age hardening heat treatment |
| Tvrdost | hardness over 470 HB |
| Hustota | 8,19 g/cm3 |
| Bod tání | 1,260-1,336°C |
| Tepelná vodivost | ~11 W/m-K |
| Elektrický odpor | ~125 μΩ-cm |
| Tepelná roztažnost | ~13 μm/m-°C |
| Elastický modul | ~205 GPa |
| Prodloužení | Over 12% |
| Síla nárazu | Up to 100 J at room temperature |
| Únavová pevnost | Very high fatigue and creep resistance |
| Odolnost proti oxidaci | Resists oxidation up to 700°C |
| Odolnost proti korozi | Excellent resistance to SCC and other forms of aqueous corrosion |
| Svařitelnost | Dobrá svařitelnost |
| Obrobitelnost | Improved machinability over regular 718 nickel alloy |
The high strength is maintained to over 650°C along with good ductility and toughness. It has far superior creep, fatigue and crack growth resistance compared to stainless steels. The outstanding corrosion resistance allows applications in harsh environments. These well-balanced properties make Nickel Alloy 718 suitable for critical components.
Charakteristika
Some unique characteristics of Nickel Alloy 718 powder include:
- Age or precipitation hardening – Develops strength over time when heat treated through precipitation of intermetallic Ni3(Al,Ti) gamma prime and body centered tetragonal Ni3Nb gamma double prime phases
- Zpevnění pevného roztoku – Alloying elements like Mo and Cr dissolve into the nickel-iron matrix increasing baseline strength
- Tepelně zpracovatelné – Can be solution annealed and precipitation hardened to tailor properties as per application needs
- Produces stable, tenacious oxide scale providing corrosion resistance
- Cryogenic toughness – Retains ductility and toughness at extreme sub-zero temperatures
- Easy to achieve fine-grained microstructure using powder bed fusion AM processes
- HIP’ability – Hot isostatic pressing can eliminate internal porosity in AM parts
- Good additive manufacturing processability with moderate laser powers
Specifikace
Nickel Alloy 718 powder is available in various size distributions classified into different categories:
Rozsah velikostí
| Kategorie | Rozsah velikosti (μm) |
|---|---|
| Jemná třída | 15-45 |
| Extra-fine grade | 10-22 |
| Submicron grade | 0.5-15 |
Distribuce velikosti
Typical size distributions for AM processes:
| Distribuce velikosti | D10 (μm) | D50 (μm) | D90 (μm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15-45 μm | 20 | 35 | 40 |
| 10-22 μm | 12 | 18 | 22 |
Chemical Purity
| Třída | Čistota |
|---|---|
| Standard | ≥ 99.9% |
| Vysoká čistota | ≥ 99.95% |
| Ultra High Purity | ≥ 99.99% |
Normy
Nickel Alloy 718 powder compositions are standardized according to:
- ASTM B637
- AMS 5596G
- AMS 5662M
However, customized compositions tailored for AM are also available.
Aplikace
Nickel Alloy 718 powder is used across industries to manufacture critical components via AM or other powder metallurgy process routes:
Průmysl
| aplikace | |
|---|---|
| Aerospace | Turbine blades, discs, shafts, gears, cases, structural brackets |
| Ropa a plyn | Wellhead components, downhole tools, valves, pumps |
| Automobilový průmysl | Turbocharger parts, engine components |
| Lékařský | Ortopedické implantáty, protetika |
| Obrana | Missile components, rotor system parts |
| Výroba elektřiny | Steam and gas turbine hot section parts |
| Chemické zpracování | Výměníky tepla, reakční nádoby |
Komponenty
| Komponent |
|---|
| Turbocharger wheels |
| Vložky spalovacího prostoru |
| Seal rings |
| Heat exchanger tubes |
| Valve bodies |
| Tepelně stříkané povlaky |
The excellent strength and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures make this a go-to material for fabricating hot section structural components. The creep resistance allows sustained loadbearing performance. Nickel Alloy 718 also finds uses in cryogenic applications due to its low temperature ductility.
Dodavatelé
Nickel Alloy 718 powder suitable for AM and thermal spray processes is supplied by leading manufacturers:
Dodavatelé
| Společnost | Názvy značek | Výrobní metody |
|---|---|---|
| Sandvik | Osprey® 718 | Atomizace plynu |
| Praxair | TRU 718 | Atomizace plynu |
| Přísada pro tesaře | CR 718 | Atomizace plynu |
| Erasteel | EZ 718 | Atomizace plynu |
| AP&C | PulNi 718 | Atomizace plynu |
| Řešení SLM | IN718 | Atomizace plynu |
| Technologie LPW | LP18Ni700 | Atomizace plynu |
Met3dp in718 powder price list
| Kovový prášek | Velikost | Množství | Cena/kg | Velikost | Množství | Cena/kg |
| Inconel 718 | 0-20 μm | 1 kg | 60.9 | 53-105μm | 1 kg | 59 |
| 10 kg | 39.8 | 10 kg | 38 | |||
| 100 kg | 34.5 | 100 kg | 33 |
Prices vary from supplier to supplier based on order volume, powder quantity, additional powder characterization, and purity levels.
How to Choose Right Nickel Alloy 718 Powder
Selecting the right Nickel Alloy 718 powder type is critical for high quality AM components. Here are some key considerations:
Rozsah velikostí
- General rule is finer is better for resolution, surface finish
- But too fine leads to poor powder flow and scattering losses
- 15-45 μm is optimal balance for most AM processes
Distribuce velikosti
- Tighter distributions like Dv90 < 10 μm improve density
- But range allows good packing density
Sphericity and Morphology
- Highly spherical and smooth powder flows nicely, packs densely, and spreads evenly
- Irregular particles can negatively impact material properties
Chemické složení
- Adhere to ASTM standard composition for proven alloy performance
- Ensure low oxygen and nitrogen to prevent porosity and weakness
- High powder purity reduces detrimental second phase particles
- Customized compositions available for enhanced AM processability
Mikrostruktura
- Gas atomization yields fine grain structure essential for mechanical properties
- Lack of texturing gives isotropic strength
- Contamination and satellites can seed defects
Vlastnosti prášku
- Good flowability and spreadability eases AM processing
- Apparent density directly affects final part density
- Analyze all characteristics per ASTM and MPIF standards
How to Process Nickel Alloy 718 Powder
Nickel Alloy 718 powder can be processed via multiple AM techniques as well as secondary operations:
Aditivní výroba
Popular AM Processes
| Proces | Popis |
|---|---|
| Tryskání pojiva | Kapalné pojivo selektivně spojuje částice prášku |
| Řízená depozice energie | Focused thermal energy melts powder for layer-by-layer deposition |
| Tavení elektronovým paprskem | High-power electron beam selectively fuses powder bed |
| Fúze laserového práškového lože | Laser scanning melts and consolidates powder layers |
| Vstřikování kovů | Binds powder with polymer, then debinds and sinters |
All techniques produce near net shape parts needing some post processing. Binder jetting requires infiltration to consolidate green compacts while powder bed fusion makes high-density components. All options allow geometric freedom and customization.
Best Practice Parameters
For laser powder bed fusion with Nickel Alloy 718:
- Laser power: 195-250 W
- Scan speed: 700-850 mm/s
- Hatch spacing: 0.09-0.12 mm
- Tloušťka vrstvy: 20-50 μm
Use hot isostatic pressing to eliminate residual porosity and improve material properties.
Tepelné zpracování
Typical heat treatment procedure:
- Izostatické lisování za tepla
- 1,160°C, 100 to 150 MPa, 4 hours
- Roztokové žíhání
- 980°C, hold 1 hour, argon quench
- Age hardening
- 720°C, 8 hours, furnace cool to 620°C
- 620°C, 8 hours, air cool
This tailors a uniform gamma double prime microstructure and achieves optimal strength through precipitation hardening. Solution heat treatment dissolves Nb/Ti-rich intermetallics while aging precipitates them out homogeneously.
Povrchová úprava
As-built surface roughness averages around 15-20 μm Ra depending on process parameters. Various finishing operations yield smooth surfaces:
- CNC machining
- Tumbling/vibratory finishing
- Chemical etching
- Elektroleštění
- Shot peening
Most AM Nickel Alloy 718 components are machined to dimensional accuracy and the desired surface finish.
Applications of Additively Manufactured Nickel Alloy 718 Parts
AM enables consolidating multiple components and optimized geometries using Nickel Alloy 718:
| Průmysl | Komponenty | Výhody |
|---|---|---|
| Aerospace | Lopatky turbín, trysky raket | Complex cooling channels, aerofoil shapes |
| Ropa a plyn | Seal rings, pump bodies, valves | Conformal cooling, reduce part count |
| Automobilový průmysl | Turbocharger wheels | Reduced mass by lattice structures |
| Výroba elektřiny | Součásti dráhy horkého plynu | Short lead times for obsolete parts |
| Chemické zpracování | Pipe fittings, reaction vessels | Vynikající odolnost proti korozi |
Lighter weight latticed structures lower component mass. Conformal cooling channels in hot section tools boost efficiency. Topology optimized shapes cut fluid dynamic losses. All these reduce life cycle costs in terms of raw material, energy consumption, and maintenance.
At the same time, binder jetting and directed energy deposition enable rapid tooling, prototyping, and short run production directly in Nickel Alloy 718.
Pros vs Cons of Nickel Alloy 718 Powder
Klady
- Extremely high strength and hardness maintained up to ~650°C
- Excellent resistance to creep, fatigue, fracture, and corrosion
- Retains strength and ductility at cryogenic temperatures
- Near isotropic mechanical properties
- Proven alloy with readily available feedstock powder
- Cost advantage over difficult-to-machine Ni superalloys
- Customization and design flexibility using AM
- Consolidate components and lightweight structures
Nevýhody
- Less potential for hot isostatic pressing vs cast alloy 718
- Still prone to solidification cracking in AM
- Vyžaduje tepelné zpracování pro dosažení optimálních vlastností
- Lower strength than some Ni superalloys
- Sensitive to build defects typical with metal AM processes
- Powder is relatively expensive compared to stainless steel
Proper parameter optimization and rigorous quality control during AM component manufacturing is essential to leverage the full capabilities of this high-performance material.
Future Outlook for Nickel Alloy 718 Powder
Nickel Alloy 718 will continue seeing expanded use in AM across aerospace, gas turbines, tooling, and other challenging applications:
- New aircraft engines have over 40% AM content targeting for significant cost savings through weight reduction, improved efficiency, and part consolidation
- Declining prices of AM machinery and wider material qualification will boost adoption
- High-strength, custom alloy variants are being developed to push limits further
- Novel heat treatments are being evaluated for maximum precipitation hardening along with HIP
- Hybrid manufacturing combining AM, machining, surfacing will enable high volumes
- Increased standardization of AM process parameters, powder specifications, part qualification protocols will facilitate growth
With powder metallurgy methods like AM maturing further, Nickel Alloy 718 will keep satisfying needs for specialized components where performance outweighs processing costs.
Nejčastější dotazy
Q. Why is Nickel Alloy 718 preferred over stainless steels for high temperature applications?
A. Nickel Alloy 718 maintains far higher strength, hardness and corrosion resistance at temperatures over 650°C compared to stainless steels. It also offers markedly better creep rupture strength enabling static high temperature load bearing capabilities.
Q. What particle size range is optimal for AM using Nickel Alloy 718 powder?
A. A particle size range of 15-45 microns balances nicely between resolution, surface finish, powder flowability and packing density. Finer powders under 10 microns can be more difficult to process.
Q. Does Nickel Alloy 718 powder require hot isostatic pressing after additive manufacturing?
A. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) eliminates internal voids and porosity in AM Nickel Alloy 718 components. This allows achieving close to 100% density and isotropic material properties. HIP is recommended but not mandatory before heat treatment.
Q. Why is Nickel Alloy 718 preferred for cryogenic applications vs other alloys?
A. Unlike other high-strength alloys, Nickel Alloy 718 retains appreciable ductility and toughness in sub-zero cryogenic temperatures while maintaining its strength. This makes it suitable for liquefied gas storage and transportation applications.
Q. Does Nickel Alloy 718 powder have better corrosion resistance compared to wrought alloy 718?
A. Both powder and wrought Alloy 718 offer similar outstanding corrosion resistance across various mediums. Powder-based AM enables fabricating components with complex optimized geometries further improving corrosion resistance.
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