Tooling is an essential aspect of many industries, from automotive to aerospace. The ability to shape, cut, and form metal into specific designs is crucial. One key component in this process is metal powder, a material that has revolutionized how tooling is done. This article dives deep into the world of polvo metálico para utillaje, offering an exhaustive overview of different types, their compositions, properties, and much more. So, let’s get started!
Overview of Metal Powder for Tooling
Metal powders are finely divided solid materials used in various manufacturing processes. These powders are essential in tooling because they can be molded and fused into intricate shapes that are otherwise difficult to achieve with bulk metals. The tooling industry has benefited immensely from the development of high-quality metal powders that offer exceptional strength, durability, and precision.
Types and Characteristics of Metal Powder for Tooling
Here are some specific metal powder models commonly used in tooling, each with unique characteristics:
- Polvo de acero inoxidable 316L
- Composición: Hierro, Cromo, Níquel, Molibdeno
- Propiedades: Excellent corrosion resistance, good formability, non-magnetic
- Características: Used in marine and pharmaceutical industries due to its resistance to chlorides and acids.
- Polvo de acero inoxidable 17-4 PH
- Composición: Iron, Chromium, Nickel, Copper
- Propiedades: High strength and hardness, good corrosion resistance
- Características: Ideal for aerospace, chemical, and petrochemical applications.
- Inconel 718 Polvo
- Composición: Níquel, Cromo, Hierro, Niobio, Molibdeno
- Propiedades: High tensile strength, excellent fatigue and creep resistance
- Características: Perfect for high-temperature applications like gas turbines and nuclear reactors.
- Titanio Ti-6Al-4V Polvo
- Composición: Titanio, aluminio, vanadio
- Propiedades: Elevada relación resistencia/peso, excelente resistencia a la corrosión
- Características: Commonly used in aerospace, medical implants, and automotive components.
- Cromo-cobalto en polvo
- Composición: Cobalto, cromo, molibdeno
- Propiedades: Superior wear resistance, high strength, biocompatible
- Características: Used in dental implants, orthopedic implants, and aerospace components.
- Polvo de cobre
- Composición: Cobre puro
- Propiedades: Excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, good corrosion resistance
- Características: Used in electrical components, heat exchangers, and automotive parts.
- Aluminio AlSi10Mg Polvo
- Composición: Aluminio, Silicio, Magnesio
- Propiedades: Lightweight, good thermal properties, high strength
- Características: Ideal for automotive and aerospace components, and lightweight structures.
- H13 Polvo de acero para herramientas
- Composición: Iron, Chromium, Molybdenum, Vanadium
- Propiedades: High toughness, good wear resistance, high-temperature stability
- Características: Used in die-casting, extrusion, and hot forging tools.
- Polvo de carburo de tungsteno
- Composición: Tungsteno, Carbono
- Propiedades: Extremely hard, excellent wear resistance, high melting point
- Características: Used in cutting tools, mining equipment, and wear-resistant parts.
- Polvo de acero martensítico envejecido
- Composición: Hierro, Níquel, Cobalto, Molibdeno, Titanio
- Propiedades: Ultra-high strength, good toughness, minimal distortion during heat treatment
- Características: Perfect for aerospace, tooling, and high-stress components.
Composición de Polvo metálico para herramientas
The composition of metal powder plays a critical role in determining its properties and suitability for specific tooling applications. Here’s a detailed table of compositions for some of the most commonly used metal powders:
Polvo metálico | Elementos clave | Composición (%) |
---|---|---|
Acero inoxidable 316L | Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo | Fe: 65-70, Cr: 16-18, Ni: 10-14, Mo: 2-3 |
Acero inoxidable 17-4 PH | Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu | Fe: 65-70, Cr: 15-17.5, Ni: 3-5, Cu: 3-5 |
Inconel 718 | Ni, Cr, Fe, Nb, Mo | Ni: 50-55, Cr: 17-21, Fe: 17-21, Nb: 4.75-5.5, Mo: 2.8-3.3 |
Titanio Ti-6Al-4V | Ti, Al, V | Ti: 88-90, Al: 5.5-6.75, V: 3.5-4.5 |
Cobalto-Cromo | Co, Cr, Mo | Co: 60-65, Cr: 26-30, Mo: 5-7 |
Cobre | Cu | Cu: 99.9+ |
Aluminio AlSi10Mg | Al, Si, Mg | Al: 85-90, Si: 9-11, Mg: 0.2-0.4 |
Acero para herramientas H13 | Fe, Cr, Mo, V | Fe: 85-90, Cr: 4.75-5.5, Mo: 1.1-1.75, V: 0.8-1.2 |
Carburo de tungsteno | W, C | W: 80-97, C: 3-20 |
Acero martensítico envejecido | Fe, Ni, Co, Mo, Ti | Fe: 60-65, Ni: 18-19, Co: 8-10, Mo: 4.6-5.2, Ti: 0.15-0.2 |
Properties of Metal Powder for Tooling
Each type of metal powder comes with its own set of properties that make it suitable for specific tooling applications. Understanding these properties can help in selecting the right material for the job.
Polvo metálico | Fuerza | Dureza | Resistencia a la corrosión | Conductividad térmica | Densidad (g/cm³) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acero inoxidable 316L | Alta | Medio | Excelente | Medio | 7.9 |
Acero inoxidable 17-4 PH | Muy alta | Alta | Bien | Medio | 7.75 |
Inconel 718 | Muy alta | Alta | Excelente | Bajo | 8.19 |
Titanio Ti-6Al-4V | Alta | Medio | Excelente | Medio | 4.43 |
Cobalto-Cromo | Alta | Muy alta | Excelente | Medio | 8.3 |
Cobre | Medio | Bajo | Bien | Excelente | 8.96 |
Aluminio AlSi10Mg | Medio | Bajo | Bien | Alta | 2.7 |
Acero para herramientas H13 | Alta | Alta | Medio | Medio | 7.8 |
Carburo de tungsteno | Extremadamente alto | Extremadamente alto | Bien | Bajo | 15.7 |
Acero martensítico envejecido | Ultra Alta | Alta | Medio | Medio | 8.0 |
Applications of Metal Powder for Tooling
Metal powders find applications in a variety of industries. Here’s a breakdown of some key uses:
Industria | Polvo metálico | Aplicación |
---|---|---|
Aeroespacial | Titanium Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel 718 | Componentes de motores a reacción, piezas estructurales |
Automoción | Aluminum AlSi10Mg, Copper | Engine parts, heat exchangers, electrical components |
Médico | Cobalt-Chrome, Titanium Ti-6Al-4V | Implantes, herramientas quirúrgicas |
Electrónica | Cobre, aluminio AlSi10Mg | Componentes conductores, disipadores de calor |
Fabricación de herramientas y matrices | H13 Acero para herramientas, carburo de tungsteno | Moldes, matrices, herramientas de corte |
Energía | Inconel 718, Acero martensítico envejecido | Turbine blades, power generation equipment |
Dental | Cobalt-Chrome, Titanium Ti-6Al-4V | Dental implants, orthodontic appliances |
Fabricación general | 316L Stainless Steel, 17-4 PH Stainless Steel | Fasteners, industrial machinery components |
Specifications, Sizes, Grades, and Standards of Metal Powder for Tooling
Specifications and standards ensure that the metal powders meet the required quality and performance levels for tooling applications.
Polvo metálico | Especificaciones | Tallas (µm) | Grados | Normas |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acero inoxidable 316L | ASTM A276, ASTM F138 | 15-45, 45-105 | 316L, 316LS | ASTM, ISO 5832-1 |
Acero inoxidable 17-4 PH | AMS 5643, ASTM A693 | 15-45, 45-105 | 17-4 PH | ASTM, AMS |
Inconel 718 | AMS 5662, ASTM B637 | 15-45, 45-105 | 718 | AMS, ASTM, ISO |
Titanio Ti-6Al-4V | ASTM B348, AMS 4911 | 15-45, 45-105 | Grado 5, Grado 23 | ASTM, AMS, ISO 5832-3 |
Cobalto-Cromo | ASTM F75, ASTM F1537 | 15-45, 45-105 | CoCrMo, CoCrW | ASTM, ISO |
Cobre | ASTM B213, ASTM B124 | 15-45, 45-105 | ETP, OFHC | ASTM |
Aluminio AlSi10Mg | ASTM B209, ASTM B247 | 15-45, 45-105 | AlSi10Mg, AlSi12 | ASTM, ISO |
Acero para herramientas H13 | ASTM A681, AMS 6487 | 15-45, 45-105 | H13 | ASTM, AMS |
Carburo de tungsteno | ASTM B777, ISO 3325 | 15-45, 45-105 | WC-Co | ASTM, ISO |
Acero martensítico envejecido | AMS 6514, ASTM A538 | 15-45, 45-105 | 18Ni(300), C300 | AMS, ASTM |
Proveedores y precios Polvo metálico para herramientas
Here’s a list of suppliers along with pricing details for different metal powders.
Proveedor | Polvo metálico | Precio (USD/kg) | Bulk Discount | Información del contacto |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tecnología Carpenter | Acero inoxidable 316L | 30-40 | Sí | www.carpentertech.com |
Höganäs AB | Acero inoxidable 17-4 PH | 35-45 | Sí | www.hoganas.com |
Materiales Sandvik | Inconel 718 | 100-150 | Sí | www.materials.sandvik |
ATI Metales | Titanio Ti-6Al-4V | 200-250 | Sí | www.atimetals.com |
Tecnologías de superficie Praxair | Cobalto-Cromo | 150-200 | Sí | www.praxairsurfacetechnologies.com |
Elementos americanos | Cobre | 20-25 | Sí | www.americanelements.com |
ECKART GmbH | Aluminio AlSi10Mg | 30-35 | Sí | www.eckart.net |
Kennametal | Acero para herramientas H13 | 50-60 | Sí | www.kennametal.com |
Tungsteno y polvos | Carburo de tungsteno | 80-100 | Sí | www.globaltungsten.com |
Soluciones H.C. Starck | Acero martensítico envejecido | 70-90 | Sí | www.hcstarck.com |
Comparing Pros and Cons of Metal Powders for Tooling
Each metal powder has its own set of advantages and limitations. Here’s a comparative analysis:
Polvo metálico | Ventajas | Limitaciones |
---|---|---|
Acero inoxidable 316L | Excelente resistencia a la corrosión, biocompatible | Medium strength and hardness |
Acero inoxidable 17-4 PH | High strength and hardness, good corrosion resistance | More expensive than 316L |
Inconel 718 | High temperature stability, excellent strength | Muy caro, difícil de mecanizar |
Titanio Ti-6Al-4V | Elevada relación resistencia/peso, excelente biocompatibilidad | Caro, difícil de procesar |
Cobalto-Cromo | Superior wear resistance, high strength, biocompatible | Caro, difícil de mecanizar |
Cobre | Excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, relatively inexpensive | Low strength, prone to oxidation |
Aluminio AlSi10Mg | Ligero, buenas propiedades térmicas | Lower strength compared to steel and titanium |
Acero para herramientas H13 | High toughness and wear resistance, suitable for high-temperature applications | Prone to corrosion without coating |
Carburo de tungsteno | Extremely hard, excellent wear resistance | Very brittle, expensive |
Acero martensítico envejecido | Resistencia ultra alta, buena tenacidad | High cost, limited corrosion resistance |
Detailed Look at Specific Metal Powders
Polvo de acero inoxidable 316L
316L stainless steel powder is renowned for its excellent corrosion resistance, making it a top choice for applications in harsh environments. This powder is particularly favored in marine and pharmaceutical industries. Its low carbon content enhances its resistance to intergranular corrosion. This metal powder is non-magnetic in the annealed condition and exhibits good weldability.
Polvo de acero inoxidable 17-4 PH
17-4 PH stainless steel powder is a martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel that combines high strength and hardness with good corrosion resistance. It is commonly used in aerospace, chemical, and petrochemical industries. Its ability to be heat treated to various strength levels adds to its versatility.
Inconel 718 Polvo
Inconel 718 is a nickel-chromium alloy known for its high strength, excellent fatigue, and creep resistance at high temperatures. This makes it ideal for high-temperature applications such as gas turbines and nuclear reactors. The powder form allows for the creation of complex shapes that are essential for these demanding environments.
Titanio Ti-6Al-4V Polvo
Titanium Ti-6Al-4V, also known as Grade 5 titanium, is the most widely used titanium alloy. It offers an excellent combination of strength, light weight, and corrosion resistance. Its biocompatibility makes it suitable for medical implants, while its high strength-to-weight ratio is perfect for aerospace applications.
Cromo-cobalto en polvo
Cobalt-chrome alloys are known for their superior wear resistance, high strength, and excellent biocompatibility. These properties make cobalt-chrome powder a preferred material for dental and orthopedic implants, as well as high-performance aerospace components.
Polvo de cobre
Copper powder is prized for its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. It is widely used in electrical components, heat exchangers, and automotive parts. Its relatively low cost and good corrosion resistance add to its appeal.
Aluminio AlSi10Mg Polvo
AlSi10Mg is an aluminum alloy powder that combines light weight with good mechanical properties. It is often used in the automotive and aerospace industries for components that require high strength and light weight. Its good thermal conductivity makes it suitable for applications where heat dissipation is important.
H13 Polvo de acero para herramientas
H13 tool steel powder is known for its high toughness, good wear resistance, and stability at high temperatures. These properties make it an excellent choice for die-casting, extrusion, and hot forging tools. However, it requires protective coatings to prevent corrosion.
Polvo de carburo de tungsteno
Tungsten carbide powder is one of the hardest materials available, offering exceptional wear resistance and high temperature stability. It is used in cutting tools, mining equipment, and wear-resistant parts. However, its brittleness and high cost can be limiting factors.
Polvo de acero martensítico envejecido
Maraging steel powder, such as 18Ni(300), offers ultra-high strength and good toughness. It is used in aerospace and tooling applications where high stress resistance is required. However, it is expensive and has limited corrosion resistance compared to other materials.
PREGUNTAS FRECUENTES
Pregunta | Respuesta |
---|---|
What is metal powder used for in tooling? | Metal powder is used to create intricate shapes and high-precision tools that are difficult to make with bulk metals. |
Why is 316L stainless steel popular in tooling? | 316L stainless steel is popular due to its excellent corrosion resistance and good formability. |
How is metal powder manufactured? | Metal powder is typically produced through atomization, where molten metal is turned into fine particles. |
What are the advantages of using metal powder for tooling? | Metal powders allow for precise control over the material properties, enabling the production of complex shapes and high-strength components. |
Is titanium Ti-6Al-4V suitable for medical implants? | Yes, titanium Ti-6Al-4V is biocompatible and commonly used for medical implants. |
How does Inconel 718 perform in high-temperature environments? | Inconel 718 has excellent high-temperature stability and is used in applications such as gas turbines and nuclear reactors. |
¿Pueden reciclarse los polvos metálicos? | Yes, metal powders can often be recycled, reducing waste and environmental impact. |