When it comes to titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets, ASTM B348 is the standard specification that governs their production and quality. But what exactly is ASTM B348, and why is it crucial in various industries? Let’s dive into the details.
ASTM B348の概要
ASTM B348 is a specification that covers several grades of titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets. These materials are widely used in aerospace, medical devices, automotive, and other high-performance industries due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.
Key Details of ASTM B348
- タイトル: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
- Standardizing Body: ASTM International
- Material Types: Pure Titanium and Titanium Alloys
- アプリケーション: Aerospace, Medical Devices, Automotive, Marine, Chemical Processing
- プロパティ: High Strength, Corrosion Resistance, Low Density, Biocompatibility
Types of Titanium and Titanium Alloys under ASTM B348
Common Grades and Their Composition
| グレード | 構成 | プロパティ | 特徴 |
|---|---|---|---|
| グレード1 | Pure Titanium (99.5% Ti) | Excellent corrosion resistance, ductility, and formability | Softest and most ductile of all grades |
| グレード2 | Pure Titanium (99.2% Ti) | Good balance of strength and ductility | Widely used for industrial applications |
| グレード3 | Pure Titanium (99.1% Ti) | Higher strength than Grade 2, less ductile | Used where higher strength is required |
| グレード4 | Pure Titanium (99% Ti) | Highest strength among pure grades, lower ductility | Suitable for high-pressure applications |
| グレード5 | Ti-6Al-4V (6% Al, 4% V) | High strength, light weight, corrosion resistance | Most commonly used titanium alloy |
| グレード7 | Ti-0.2Pd (0.2% Pd) | Improved corrosion resistance in reducing and oxidizing environments | Used in chemical processing industries |
| 9年生 | Ti-3Al-2.5V (3% Al, 2.5% V) | Good strength and formability | Used in aerospace and industrial applications |
| 11年生 | Ti-0.15Pd (0.15% Pd) | Similar to Grade 1 but with improved corrosion resistance | 海洋および化学産業で使用 |
| 12年生 | Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni (0.3% Mo, 0.8% Ni) | Improved corrosion resistance and strength | Suitable for chemical and marine applications |
| グレード23 | Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) | High strength, excellent fracture toughness | Used in medical implants and aerospace |
の特性と特徴 ASTM B348 材料
Understanding the properties of these materials is essential for selecting the right grade for your application. Let’s break down the key characteristics:
機械的特性
| プロパティ | グレード1 | グレード2 | グレード3 | グレード4 | グレード5 | グレード7 | 9年生 | 11年生 | 12年生 | グレード23 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 引張強さ (MPa) | 240 | 345 | 450 | 550 | 895 | 345 | 620 | 240 | 483 | 860 |
| 降伏強度 (MPa) | 170 | 275 | 380 | 485 | 825 | 275 | 483 | 170 | 380 | 795 |
| エロンゲーション（%） | 24 | 20 | 18 | 15 | 10 | 20 | 15 | 24 | 18 | 10 |
物理的性質
| プロパティ | グレード1 | グレード2 | グレード3 | グレード4 | グレード5 | グレード7 | 9年生 | 11年生 | 12年生 | グレード23 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 密度 (g/cm³) | 4.51 | 4.51 | 4.51 | 4.51 | 4.43 | 4.51 | 4.48 | 4.51 | 4.54 | 4.43 |
| 融点 (°C) | 1668 | 1668 | 1668 | 1668 | 1604 | 1668 | 1638 | 1668 | 1650 | 1604 |
| 弾性係数 (GPa) | 105 | 105 | 105 | 105 | 110 | 105 | 103 | 105 | 106 | 110 |
Applications of ASTM B348 Materials
Given their excellent properties, ASTM B348 materials find use in various demanding applications.
産業用途
| 産業 | アプリケーション | Preferred Grades |
|---|---|---|
| 航空宇宙 | Aircraft components, fasteners, landing gears | Grade 5, Grade 9, Grade 23 |
| メディカル | Surgical implants, dental implants, prosthetics | 23年生, 5年生 |
| 自動車 | Engine components, exhaust systems, connecting rods | Grade 5, Grade 9 |
| マリン | Shipbuilding, offshore structures, desalination plants | Grade 2, Grade 12, Grade 11 |
| 化学処理 | Heat exchangers, reaction vessels, piping | Grade 2, Grade 7, Grade 12 |
アプリケーション表
| 申し込み | 説明 | Recommended Grades |
|---|---|---|
| 航空宇宙部品 | High-strength, lightweight parts for aircraft and spacecraft | Grade 5, Grade 9, Grade 23 |
| 医療機器 | Biocompatible implants and surgical tools | 23年生, 5年生 |
| 自動車部品 | Lightweight, durable engine and exhaust components | Grade 5, Grade 9 |
| 舶用機器 | Corrosion-resistant parts for marine environments | Grade 2, Grade 12, Grade 11 |
| 化学処理 | Equipment for handling corrosive substances | Grade 2, Grade 7, Grade 12 |
仕様、サイズ、規格
Understanding the specifications and sizes available for ASTM B348 materials is crucial for proper selection and application.
仕様表
| グレード | Diameter Range (mm) | Length Range (mm) | 規格 |
|---|---|---|---|
| グレード1 | 6.35 – 152.4 | 300 – 6000 | ASTM B348, ASME SB-348 |
| グレード2 | 6.35 – 152.4 | 300 – 6000 | ASTM B348, ASME SB-348 |
| グレード3 | 6.35 – 152.4 | 300 – 6000 | ASTM B348, ASME SB-348 |
| グレード4 | 6.35 – 152.4 | 300 – 6000 | ASTM B348, ASME SB-348 |
| グレード5 | 6.35 – 203.2 | 300 – 6000 | ASTM B348, AMS 4928, MIL-T-9047 |
| グレード7 | 6.35 – 152.4 | 300 – 6000 | ASTM B348, ASME SB-348 |
| 9年生 | 6.35 – 152.4 | 300 – 6000 | ASMB348、AMS4928 |
| 11年生 | 6.35 – 152.4 | 300 – 6000 | ASTM B348, ASME SB-348 |
| 12年生 | 6.35 – 152.4 | 300 – 6000 | ASTM B348, ASME SB-348 |
| グレード23 | 6.35 – 203.2 | 300 – 6000 | ASTM B348, AMS 4930 |
サプライヤーと価格詳細
The availability and cost of ASTM B348 materials can vary based on the supplier, grade, and quantity.
サプライヤー表
| サプライヤー | Grade Availability | 価格帯（kgあたり） | 所在地 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titanium Metals Corp | Grade 1, 2, 5, 7, 23 | $50 – $200 | アメリカ |
| Baoji Titanium Co. | Grade 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 | $40 – $180 | 中国 |
| タイム | Grade 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 23 | $55 – $210 | アメリカ、ヨーロッパ |
| VSMPO-AVISMA | Grade 1, 2, 5, 9, 23 | $45 – $190 | ロシア |
| Western Superconducting | Grade 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12 | $50 – $195 | 中国 |
の長所と短所を比較する ASTM B348 グレード
Selecting the right titanium grade requires weighing the advantages and disadvantages of each option.
比較表
| グレード | メリット | デメリット |
|---|---|---|
| グレード1 | Excellent corrosion resistance, high ductility | Lower strength compared to other grades |
| グレード2 | Good balance of strength and ductility | Slightly less corrosion resistant than Grade 1 |
| グレード3 | Higher strength than Grade 2 | 延性が低い |
| グレード4 | Highest strength among pure grades | Least ductile among pure grades |
| グレード5 | High strength, corrosion resistance, widely available | More expensive, harder to machine |
| グレード7 | Excellent corrosion resistance in specific environments | Limited to niche applications |
| 9年生 | Good formability, moderate strength | Limited availability compared to Grade 5 |
| 11年生 | Similar to Grade 1 with better corrosion resistance | 強度が低い |
| 12年生 | Good corrosion resistance and strength | より高価 |
| グレード23 | High strength, excellent for medical applications | Very expensive, limited to high-performance applications |
よくあるご質問
| 質問 | 答え |
|---|---|
| ASTM B348とは？ | ASTM B348 is a standard specification for titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets. |
| Why is titanium used in aerospace? | Titanium is used in aerospace due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. |
| Which grade of titanium is best for medical implants? | Grade 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) is preferred for medical implants due to its biocompatibility and high strength. |
| How does Grade 5 titanium compare to Grade 2? | Grade 5 has higher strength and is used in more demanding applications, while Grade 2 offers a good balance of properties at a lower cost. |
| What industries use ASTM B348 materials? | Industries such as aerospace, medical, automotive, marine, and chemical processing use ASTM B348 materials. |
| How are titanium bars and billets produced? | They are typically produced through processes such as melting, forging, and rolling, followed by heat treatment and machining. |
| What makes titanium corrosion resistant? | Titanium forms a passive oxide layer on its surface that protects it from corrosion. |
| Can titanium be welded? | Yes, titanium can be welded, but it requires specific techniques and equipment to avoid contamination and ensure strong welds. |
| What is the difference between Grade 5 and Grade 23 titanium? | Grade 23 is an extra low interstitial version of Grade 5, offering improved ductility and fracture toughness for medical applications. |
| Where can I buy ASTM B348 titanium? | ASTM B348 titanium can be purchased from various suppliers like Titanium Metals Corp, Baoji Titanium Co., and Timet. |
結論
ASTM B348 sets the standard for titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets, ensuring high quality and reliability for various applications. Whether you’re in aerospace, medical, automotive, or chemical processing, understanding the different grades and their properties can help you choose the right material for your needs. With its unique combination of strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, titanium remains a critical material in advanced engineering and manufacturing.
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