17-4PH rostfritt stål Pulver
17-4PH är ett utskiljningshärdande rostfritt stålpulver som ofta används vid additiv tillverkning inom flyg- och rymdindustrin, medicinteknik, bilindustrin och allmän verkstadsindustri. Det erbjuder en utmärkt kombination av hög hållfasthet, god korrosionsbeständighet och svetsbarhet.
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Overview of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder
17-4PH är ett utskiljningshärdande rostfritt stålpulver som ofta används vid additiv tillverkning inom flyg- och rymdindustrin, medicinteknik, bilindustrin och allmän verkstadsindustri. Det erbjuder en utmärkt kombination av hög hållfasthet, god korrosionsbeständighet och svetsbarhet.
This article provides a detailed guide to 17-4PH powder covering composition, properties, AM process parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons, pros and cons, and FAQs. Key information is presented in easy-to-reference tables.
Composition of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder
The composition of 17-4PH powder is:
| Element | Vikt % | Syfte |
|---|---|---|
| Järn | Balans | Huvudmatriselement |
| Krom | 15 – 17.5 | Oxideringsbeständighet |
| Koppar | 3 – 5 | Härdning genom utfällning |
| Nickel | 3 – 5 | Stabilisator av austenit |
| Niob | 0.15 – 0.45 | Hårdmetallformare |
| Mangan | 1 max | Desoxidationsmedel |
| Kisel | 1 max | Desoxidationsmedel |
| Kol | 0.07 max | Strengthener and carbide former |
Copper enables precipitation hardening while chromium provides corrosion resistance.
Properties of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder
Key properties of 17-4PH powder include:
| Fastighet | Beskrivning |
|---|---|
| Hög hållfasthet | Up to 1310 MPa tensile strength when aged |
| Hårdhet | Up to 40 HRC in aged condition |
| Korrosionsbeständighet | Comparable to 316L stainless in many environments |
| Tålighet | Superior to martensitic stainless steels |
| Slitstyrka | Better than 300 series stainless steels |
| Stabilitet vid hög temperatur | Strength maintained up to 300°C |
The properties make 17-4PH suitable for diverse applications from aerospace components to injection molds.
AM Process Parameters for 17-4PH Powder
Typical parameters for printing 17-4PH powder include:
| Parameter | Typiskt värde | Syfte |
|---|---|---|
| Höjd på lager | 20-100 μm | Balance speed and resolution |
| Laserkraft | 150-400 W | Tillräcklig smältning utan avdunstning |
| Skanningshastighet | 400-1000 mm/s | Densitet kontra produktionshastighet |
| Avstånd mellan luckor | 100-200 μm | Density and mechanical properties |
| Stödstruktur | Minimal | Enkel borttagning |
| Varm isostatisk pressning | 1120°C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs | Eliminerar porositet |
Parameters tailored for density, production rate, properties and post-processing needs.
Applications of 3D Printed 17-4PH Parts
Additively manufactured 17-4PH components are used in:
| Industri | Tillämpningar |
|---|---|
| Flyg- och rymdindustrin | Structural brackets, fixtures, actuators |
| Medicinsk | Dental implants, surgical instruments |
| Fordon | High strength fasteners, gears |
| Konsumentprodukter | Watch cases, sporting equipment |
| Industriell | End-use metal tooling, jigs, fixtures |
Benefits over machined 17-4PH parts include complex geometries, reduced lead time and machining allowances.
Specifications of 17-4PH Powder for AM
17-4PH powder must meet strict specifications:
| Parameter | Specifikation |
|---|---|
| Partikelstorleksintervall | 15-45 μm typiskt |
| Partikelns form | Sfärisk morfologi |
| Skenbar densitet | > 4 g/cc |
| Tappdensitet | > 6 g/cc |
| Hall flödeshastighet | > 23 sekunder för 50 g |
| Renhet | >99,9% |
| Syrehalt | <100 ppm |
Custom size distributions and controlled moisture levels available.
Suppliers of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder
Reputable 17-4PH powder suppliers include:
| Leverantör | Plats |
|---|---|
| Sandvik Osprey | STORBRITANNIEN |
| Snickare Tillsats | USA |
| LPW-teknik | STORBRITANNIEN |
| Erasteel | Sverige |
| Critical Materials | USA |
| Praxair | USA |
Prices range from $50/kg to $120/kg based on purity, size distribution and order volumes.
Handling and Storage of 17-4PH Powder
As a reactive material, careful 17-4PH powder handling is essential:
- Store sealed containers away from moisture, acids, ignition sources
- Use inert gas padding during transfer and storage
- Ground equipment to dissipate static charges
- Avoid dust accumulation through extraction and ventilation
- Follow applicable safety guidelines
Proper techniques ensure optimal powder condition.
Inspection and Testing of 17-4PH Powder
Quality testing methods include:
| Metod | Testade parametrar |
|---|---|
| Analys av siktar | Fördelning av partikelstorlek |
| SEM-avbildning | Partikelns morfologi |
| EDX | Kemi och sammansättning |
| XRD | Befintliga faser |
| Pyknometri | Täthet |
| Hall flödeshastighet | Flödbarhet för pulver |
Testing per ASTM standards verifies powder quality and batch consistency.
Comparing 17-4PH to Alternative Alloy Powders
17-4PH compares to other alloys as:
| Legering | Styrka | Motståndskraft mot korrosion | Kostnad | Utskriftsmöjlighet |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17-4PH | Utmärkt | Bra | Medium | Bra |
| 316L | Medium | Utmärkt | Medium | Utmärkt |
| IN718 | Mycket hög | Bra | Hög | Rättvist |
| CoCrMo | Medium | Rättvist | Medium | Bra |
With its balanced properties, 17-4PH supersedes alternatives for many high-strength AM applications requiring corrosion resistance.
Pros and Cons of 17-4PH Powder for AM
| Proffs | Nackdelar |
|---|---|
| Högt förhållande mellan styrka och vikt | Lower oxidation resistance than austenitic stainless steels |
| Good combination of strength and corrosion resistance | Required post-processing like HIP and heat treatment |
| Lower cost than exotic alloys | Controlled atmosphere storage needed |
| Established credentials in AM | Difficult to weld and machine |
| Properties match wrought material | Susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion |
17-4PH enables high-performance printed parts across applications, though not suited for extreme environments.
Frequently Asked Questions about 17-4PH Powder
Q: What particle size range works best for printing 17-4PH alloy?
A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides optimal powder flowability combined with high resolution and dense parts.
Q: What post-processing methods are used on 17-4PH AM parts?
A: Hot isostatic pressing, solution annealing, aging, and machining are typically used to achieve full densification, relieve stresses, and improve surface finish.
Q: Which metal 3D printing process is ideal for 17-4PH alloy?
A: Selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) can all effectively process 17-4PH powder.
Q: What industries use additively manufactured 17-4PH components?
A: Aerospace, medical, automotive, consumer products, industrial tooling, and oil and gas industries benefit from 3D printed 17-4PH parts.
Q: Does 17-4PH require support structures during printing?
A: Yes, minimal supports are needed on overhangs and bridged sections to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing.
Q: What defects can occur when printing 17-4PH powder?
A: Potential defects are cracking, porosity, distortion, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters.
Q: What hardness is achievable with 17-4PH AM parts?
A: Solution-annealed 17-4PH has 25-30 HRC hardness while aging increases it to 35-40 HRC for enhanced wear resistance.
Q: What accuracy and surface finish is possible for 17-4PH printed parts?
A: Post-processed 17-4PH parts can achieve dimensional tolerances and surface finish comparable to CNC machined components.
Q: What is the key difference between 17-4 and 17-4PH grades?
A: 17-4PH has tighter chemistry control, lower impurities, and reduced sulfur for better ductility and impact properties compared to basic 17-4 grade.
Q: Is HIP required for all 17-4PH AM application?
A: While recommended, HIP may not be mandatory for non-critical applications. Heat treatment alone may suffice in some cases.
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