CoCrMo-pulver

CoCrMo är ett pulver av en legering av kobolt-krom-molybden som ofta används vid additiv tillverkning av metaller för biomedicinska, dentala, flyg- och industriella tillämpningar som kräver slitstyrka och biokompatibilitet.

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Overview of CoCrMo Powder

CoCrMo är ett pulver av en legering av kobolt-krom-molybden som ofta används vid additiv tillverkning av metaller för biomedicinska, dentala, flyg- och industriella tillämpningar som kräver slitstyrka och biokompatibilitet.

This article provides a detailed guide to CoCrMo powder covering composition, properties, AM process parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons, pros and cons, and FAQs. Key information is presented in easy-to-reference tables.

Composition of CoCrMo Powder

The composition of CoCrMo alloy powder is:

Element Vikt % Syfte
Kobolt 58-69 Matrix element, biocompatibility
Krom 26-30 Corrosion resistance, wear resistance
Molybden 5-7 Strength, wear resistance
Kol 0.05-0.35 Hårdmetallformare
Kisel 1 max Desoxidationsmedel
Mangan 1 max Desoxidationsmedel
Järn 0,75 max Contamination limit

The high cobalt content provides biocompatibility while chromium and molybdenum impart strength and wear resistance.

Properties of CoCrMo Powder

Key properties of CoCrMo powder include:

Fastighet Beskrivning
Biokompatibilitet Excellent compatibility with human body tissues
Slitstyrka High abrasion and sliding wear resistance
Korrosionsbeständighet Resistant to body fluids and many chemicals
Styrka Tensile strength up to 1310 MPa when work hardened
Hårdhet Up to 54 HRC when age hardened
Utmattningshållfasthet Suitable for cyclical dynamic loading

The properties enable use for load-bearing implants and devices.

AM Process Parameters for CoCrMo Powder

Typical parameters for printing CoCrMo powder include:

Parameter Typiskt värde Syfte
Höjd på lager 20-50 μm Upplösning kontra bygghastighet
Laserkraft 150-400 W Melting condition without vaporization
Skanningshastighet 400-1200 mm/s Densitet kontra produktionshastighet
Avstånd mellan luckor 80-120 μm Mekaniska egenskaper
Stöd för Tree or lattice Overhangs, internal channels
Varm isostatisk pressning 1220°C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs Eliminerar porositet

Parameters tailored for density, microstructure, build rate and post-processing requirements.

Applications of 3D Printed CoCrMo Parts

AM CoCrMo components are used in:

Industri Tillämpningar
Medicinsk Knee/hip implants, dental crowns, surgical tools
Flyg- och rymdindustrin Turbinblad, motorkomponenter
Fordon Valve seats, turbocharger wheels
Industriell Wear-resistant tooling, flanges, seals
Olja och gas Valve parts, pumps

Benefits versus wrought CoCrMo include complex geometries, customized implants, reduced costs and lead times.

Specifications of CoCrMo Powder for AM

CoCrMo powder must meet strict specifications:

Parameter Specifikation
Partikelstorleksintervall 15-45 μm typiskt
Partikelns form Sfärisk morfologi
Skenbar densitet > 4 g/cc
Tappdensitet > 6 g/cc
Hall flödeshastighet > 23 sekunder för 50 g
Renhet >99,9%
Syrehalt <1000 ppm

Custom size distributions and controlled moisture levels available.

Suppliers of CoCrMo Powder

Reputable CoCrMo powder suppliers include:

Leverantör Plats
Snickare Tillsats USA
Sandvik Osprey STORBRITANNIEN
Erasteel Sverige
AP&C Kanada
LPW-teknik STORBRITANNIEN
Arcam AB Sverige

Pricing ranges from $50/kg to $120/kg based on quality considerations and order volume.

Handling and Storage of CoCrMo Powder

As a reactive material, careful CoCrMo powder handling is essential:

  • Store sealed containers away from moisture, acids, ignition sources
  • Prevent exposure to air and use inert gas padding
  • Ground equipment to dissipate static charges
  • Avoid dust accumulation and use dust extraction
  • Lokal avgasventilation rekommenderas
  • Follow safety data sheet precautions

Proper techniques ensure optimal powder condition.

Inspection and Testing of CoCrMo Powder

Quality testing methods include:

Metod Testade parametrar
Analys av siktar Fördelning av partikelstorlek
SEM-avbildning Partikelns morfologi
EDX Kemi och sammansättning
XRD Befintliga faser
Pyknometri Täthet
Hall flödeshastighet Flödbarhet för pulver

Testing per ASTM standards verifies powder quality and batch consistency.

Comparing CoCrMo to Alternative Alloy Powders

CoCrMo compares to other alloys as:

Legering Biokompatibilitet Styrka Kostnad Utskriftsmöjlighet
CoCrMo Utmärkt Medium Medium Bra
Titan Ti64 Bra Låg Hög Rättvist
Stainless steel 316L Bra Medium Medium Utmärkt
Inconel 718 Dålig Hög Hög Bra

CoCrMo provides the best combination of biocompatibility, strength, and printability for many applications.

Pros and Cons of CoCrMo Powder for AM

Proffs Nackdelar
Utmärkt biokompatibilitet och korrosionsbeständighet Begränsad kapacitet för höga temperaturer
Very good wear and abrasion resistance Susceptible to porosity during printing
Readily 3D printable and weldable Requires controlled atmosphere handling
Cost advantage versus titanium alloys Efterbearbetning behövs ofta
Can match wrought material properties Lower fracture toughness than stainless steels

CoCrMo enables functional metal implants and components, albeit with controlled processing requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions about CoCrMo Powder

Q: What particle size range works best for 3D printing CoCrMo alloy?

A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides good powder flowability combined with high resolution and density.

Q: What post-processing methods are used on CoCrMo AM parts?

A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, surface machining, and polishing are commonly used post-processes for achieving full density and surface finish.

Q: Which metal 3D printing processes are compatible with CoCrMo alloy?

A: Selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) can all process CoCrMo powder.

Q: What industries use additively manufactured CoCrMo components?

A: Medical, dental, aerospace, automotive, oil and gas, and industrial sectors benefit from 3D printed CoCrMo parts.

Q: Does CoCrMo require support structures during 3D printing?

A: Yes, supports are needed on overhangs and internal channels to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing.

Q: What defects can occur when printing CoCrMo powder?

A: Potential defects are porosity, cracking, distortion, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters.

Q: What type of biocompatibility testing is done on CoCrMo alloys?

A: Cytotoxicity, sensitization, irritation, systemic toxicity, genotoxicity, and implantation testing per standards like ISO 10993 are conducted.

Q: How are the properties of printed CoCrMo compared to cast alloy?

A: AM CoCrMo components can achieve mechanical properties on par or better than cast and annealed counterparts when optimized.

Q: What are the main differences between CoCr F75 and SP2 alloys?

A: F75 has higher carbon for better machinability while SP2 has lower carbon plus niobium for improved particle melting behavior during printing.

Q: What density can be expected with 3D printed CoCrMo components?

A: Density above 99% is achievable for CoCrMo with ideal parameters tailored for the alloy, matching wrought material properties.

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