Rostfritt stål 13-8Mo Pulver
Rostfritt stål 13-8Mo pulver är ett martensitiskt utskiljningshärdande rostfritt stål som innehåller cirka 13% krom, 8% nickel, 2% molybden och spårmängder av andra legeringselement som aluminium och titan. Det är känt för att ha hög hållfasthet och hårdhet i kombination med utmärkt korrosionsbeständighet.
13-8Mo pulver erbjuder en unik kombination av egenskaper och används ofta inom branscher som flyg, olja och gas, kemisk bearbetning, pumpar och ventiler etc. Några av de viktigaste egenskaperna som gör det lämpligt för dessa krävande applikationer är bl.a:
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Översikt
Rostfritt stål 13-8Mo pulver är ett martensitiskt utskiljningshärdande rostfritt stål som innehåller cirka 13% krom, 8% nickel, 2% molybden och spårmängder av andra legeringselement som aluminium och titan. Det är känt för att ha hög hållfasthet och hårdhet i kombination med utmärkt korrosionsbeständighet.
13-8Mo pulver erbjuder en unik kombination av egenskaper och används ofta inom branscher som flyg, olja och gas, kemisk bearbetning, pumpar och ventiler etc. Några av de viktigaste egenskaperna som gör det lämpligt för dessa krävande applikationer är bl.a:
- Hög hållfasthet och hårdhet
- Excellent corrosion resistance especially in reducing environments
- God duktilitet och seghet
- Easy fabrication
- Outstanding creep resistance
- Retains properties up to 600°F
The powder metallurgy process allows parts made from 13-8Mo powder to have very uniform chemical compositions and mechanical properties as compared to their wrought counterparts. This enables more consistency in performance.
Sammansättning
The nominal chemical composition of stainless steel 13-8Mo powder is:
| Element | Sammansättning (vikt %) |
|---|---|
| Kol (C) | 0,05 max |
| Kisel (Si) | 1,00 max |
| Mangan (Mn) | 1,00 max |
| Fosfor (P) | 0,040 max |
| Svavel (S) | 0,030 max |
| Krom (Cr) | 12.00 – 14.00 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 7.00 – 10.00 |
| Molybden (Mo) | 1.75 – 2.50 |
| Aluminium (Al) | 0.75 – 1.50 |
| Titan (Ti) | 2xC min |
| Järn (Fe) | Balans |
The levels of chromium, nickel and molybdenum are balanced to provide a combination of high strength through precipitation hardening and excellent corrosion resistance in multiple environments. The carbon content is kept low to ensure high toughness. Small controlled amounts of aluminum and titanium form carbides and carbonitrides that serve to increase high temperature strength.
Egenskaper och kännetecken
Stainless steel 13-8Mo powder possesses a wide range of properties that make it suitable for use in highly demanding applications:
Mekaniska egenskaper
| Fastighet | Specifikation |
|---|---|
| Draghållfasthet | 200 – 230 ksi (1380 – 1585 MPa) |
| Utbyteshållfasthet | 180 – 210 ksi (1240 – 1450 MPa) |
| Töjning | 10% – 15% |
| Hårdhet | 42 – 50 HRC |
| Utmattningshållfasthet | 100 – 120 ksi (690 – 825 MPa) |
Fysikaliska egenskaper
| Fastighet | Värde |
|---|---|
| Täthet | 7.7 – 7.8 g/cm3 |
| Smältpunkt | 2500 – 2550°F (1370 – 1400°C) |
| Termisk konduktivitet | 9 – 12 W/m-K |
| Elektrisk resistivitet | 72 μΩ-cm |
| Elasticitetsmodul | 29 x 10^6 psi |
Motståndskraft mot korrosion:
13-8Mo powder displays exceptional resistance to a variety of corrosive environments especially in reducing conditions and atmospheres with chlorides and sulfides. It resists corrosion due to its high chromium content which enables formation of a passive protective oxide layer on its surface.
It offers good resistance to:
- Atmospheric corrosion
- Saltwater corrosion
- Most acids and alkalis
- Stress corrosion cracking
This makes it suitable for many chemical processing applications as well.
Värmebeständighet:
13-8Mo powder retains its high strength and hardness up to 600°F (315°C). Its precipitation hardening characteristics allow it to age harden over time at service temperatures up to around 500°F (260°C). This results in improved creep rupture strength.
Tillämpningar och användningsområden
Stainless steel 13-8Mo powder is utilized across a diverse range of advanced technology industries due to its outstanding combination of high strength, hardness, corrosion resistance and fabrication characteristics.
Industries and Applications Include:
| Industri | Tillämpningar |
|---|---|
| Flyg- och rymdindustrin | Landing gear, fittings, hydraulic assemblies, fasteners, valves |
| Olja och gas | Completions equipment, packers, downhole tools, valves, wellhead components |
| Kemisk bearbetning | Pumps, valves, pressure vessels, heat exchangers |
| Kontroll av föroreningar | Scrubbers, chimneys, ducting, exhaust systems |
| Fordon | Valves, fasteners, fittings, shafts |
| Textile | Dyeing equipment, needles |
| Pulp and Paper | Conveyor screws, refiner plates |
| Livsmedelsförädling | Mixers,extruders, cutlery |
| Marin | Shafts, desalination equipment |
| Kärnkraft | Fuel element cladding |
Its usage continues to grow as engineers recognize the cost and performance benefits it offers over conventional stainless steels.
Specifikationer och tillgänglighet
13-8Mo powder is produced according to several international and national standards for chemical compositions and properties. These include:
- AMS 5901 – Aerospace Material Specification
- AMS 5659 – Aerospace Material Specification for Forgings
- ASTM A743 – Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
- QQ-P-35 – General Specification for Stainless Steel Powder
13-8Mo powder is available from leading global suppliers in various size distributions:
| Partikelstorlek | Tillgänglighet |
|---|---|
| > 150 μm | Begränsad |
| 45 – 150 μm | Lättillgänglig |
| 15 - 45 μm | Very common |
| 10 – 15 μm | Lättillgänglig |
| < 10 μm | Begränsad |
Prissättning
As a specialty alloy powder requiring significant processing, 13-8Mo powder commands a premium price over simpler stainless steel powders. However it remains very cost-effective compared to other high performance aerospace alloys.
Indicative Pricing Estimate:
| Pulverstorlek | Price ($US/kg) |
|---|---|
| 15 - 45 μm | $55 – $65 |
| 10 – 15 μm | $60 – $75 |
| < 10 μm | $70 – $100+ |
Pricing can vary significantly based on order volumes, geographic region and other market factors.
How 13-8Mo Compares to Other Materials
13-8Mo offers ease of fabrication coupled with a versatile mix of strength, toughness, hardness and corrosion resistance. Here’s how it stacks up relative to other common stainless steel options:
Versus 316 Stainless Steel
| Parameter | 13-8Mo | 316 SS |
|---|---|---|
| Draghållfasthet | Högre | Lägre |
| Hårdhet | Högre | Lägre |
| Motståndskraft mot korrosion | Similar overall | Similar overall |
| Kostnad | Högre | Lägre |
| Värmebeständighet | Högre | Lägre |
Versus 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
| Parameter | 13-8Mo | 17-4 PH |
|---|---|---|
| Draghållfasthet | Liknande | Liknande |
| Hårdhet | Högre | Lägre |
| Fabrication & Machining | Lättare | Svårare |
| Motståndskraft mot korrosion | Bättre | Bra |
| Kostnad | Lägre | Högre |
Versus Inconel Superalloys
| Parameter | 13-8Mo | Inconel |
|---|---|---|
| Hållfasthet vid höga temperaturer | Lägre | Högre |
| Motståndskraft mot korrosion | Liknande | Liknande |
| Kostnad | Much Lower | Högre |
So 13-8Mo powder uniquely offers the middle ground – better overall performance than other stainless steels with easier processing and lower cost than the top-tier heat resistant superalloys.
Begränsningar och nackdelar
Despite its strengths, a few limitations to note regarding 13-8Mo powder include:
Fabrication Challenges: Can be more difficult to machine than simpler stainless steels
Limited High Temperature Strength: Loses significant strength above 600°F compared to superalloys
Higher Cost Than Commodity Grades: More expensive than 304 or 316 stainless
Lower Toughness Than Annealed Austenitics: Not as damage tolerant as annealed 300-series stainless
VANLIGA FRÅGOR
Q: Is 13-8 PH stainless steel magnetic?
A: Yes, 13-8Mo stainless steel is magnetic at annealed conditions. But it can become slightly less magnetic after aging heat treatment that maximizes its strength. It maintains some level of magnetic response across processing conditions.
Q: What is 13-8Mo corrosion resistance?
A: 13-8Mo has excellent corrosion resistance owing to its high chromium content exceeding 12%. It resists corrosion in many acidic and alkaline solutions, oxidizing and reducing environments. It is also resistant to atmospheric and saltwater corrosion. It can handle most acids other than hydrofluoric and phosphoric acids. Overall 13-8Mo matches or exceeds the corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel.
Q: What is 13-8Mo stainless steel used for?
A: Due to its high strength, hardness, corrosion resistance and ease of fabrication, 13-8Mo stainless finds uses across aerospace, oil & gas, chemical processing, pollution control, and food processing among other demanding industries. Specific applications include landing gear parts, wellhead components, valves, fasteners, pumps, shafts, etc.
Q: Does 13-8Mo powder require heat treatment?
A: Yes, 13-8Mo powder gets its full high strength and hardness only after heat treatment – solution annealing followed by aging treatment. The aging results in significantly higher strength and hardness. Solution treatment is done at 1950°F (1065°C) and aging at 850 – 1000°F (455 – 540°C).
Q: What is the difference between 13-8 and 15-5 stainless steel?
A: The main differences are:
- 13-8Mo contains around 8% nickel, 15-5 contains around 5% nickel
- 15-5 stainless has higher copper content for increased corrosion resistance
- 13-8Mo attains substantially higher strength and hardness after aging heat treatment
- 13-8Mo has better corrosion resistance in acidic and alkaline solutions
So 13-8 is the stronger and harder product, while 15-5 trades some strength for better overall stainless performance focused on corrosion resistance.
Q: Can 13-8Mo be welded?
A: Yes, 13-8Mo can be satisfactorily welded using proper precautions and procedures. Low heat input processes like laser welding or resistance spot welding are recommended. Preheating is advised along with use of overalloyed consumables when arc welding. Post weld aging treatment should be done to retain optimal properties in the heat affected zones.
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